With our clothing you can feel safe and secure.
Therefore, it is important for us to make transparent the materials used, protection features, labels etc. We have compiled a wealth of information for you.
A - B - C - D
A
An abrasion protection prevents the destruction of the material by high mechanical loads, which are generated by friction. In the textile sector, this is achieved by particularly resistant fibers or fiber composites, such as tissue, or by coatings. The abrasion protection plays an important part i.a. in the field of motorcycle clothing and in specific areas of the personal protection equipment.
... is a relatively new procedure to treat fabrics so that bacteria and fungi are inhibited in their growth. Bacteria on the skin multiply very rapidly in the presence of sweat and cause unpleasant odors.
... are also called polyaramides or aromatic polyamides. Regarding garments meta-aramids (m-aramids) and para-aramids (para-aramids) are mainly used. Aramid fibers are characterized by a high, permanent heat resistance and resistance to most chemicals. Tradenames for m-aramids are e.g. NOMEX®, Teijinconex® and for p-aramids e.g. Kevlar, Twaron and Technora. Clothing made of aramid materials is i.a. worn in the industrial sector.
Test method to test and evaluate the resistance of materials, material assemblies and clothing pieces to an open electric arc. The test is performed according to a standardized test method (DIN EN 61482-1-1).
... is an undesirably occurring electric arc between parts of electrical installations. It can release a very high thermal energy and pressure or sound waves. Arc faults thus represent a high risk potential, which must be countered with appropriate occupational safety measures. So it must be ensured that at workplaces with a potential electric arc hazard appropriate clothing should be worn.
B
Modification of the plain weave. In the basket weave an equal number of thread lifts and thread cuts are performed in horizontal and vertical direction. The result is a cube-shaped appearance and rough surface of the fabric.
Test set for generating an electric arc. The test is performed according to the guidelines of DIN EN 61482-1-2. In a box test the test item is positioned at a defined distance in front of a box, in which a short circuit is generated. The voltage is 400 V, the current strength is 4kA (Kl.1) or 7kA (Kl.2). The resulting thermal energy is measured behind the test item and evaluated accordingly. It is determined whether the wearer of the clothing would have suffered from a second-degree burn (see Stoll Chianta curve). However, also short-circuit currents above or below the standard specifications can be tested and rated.
The burning behavior of textiles indicates how textile fabrics or fiber composites behave under the effect of a flame. There are several standardized test methods that are nationally and internationally defined by standardization bodies and tested and certified in testing institutes.
C
With the CE marking, the manufacturer, distributor or EU representative indicates in accordance with EU regulation 765/2008, "that he takes responsibility for the conformity of the product with all applicable requirements set out in the relevant Community harmonisation legislation providing for its affixing." The CE mark is not a seal of quality, but documenting compliance with legal minimum requirements in the relevant guidelines. A four-digit number after the CE marking indicates the involvement of a notified body which is responsible for the control of the production of the product. Personal protective equipment must generally be proven with the CE mark.
... is a test procedure in which the evidence is to be provided that personal protective equipment meets specified standards and directives that are valid for the intended application. In the process of certification the materials and the performance of the tests are described, tests are performed, test results are documented and with corresponding results, certificates are issued. In order to undertake a reliable certification, test institutes must have the status of notified body of the state, which means the institution acts with government order and monitores industrial products from manufacturers off-site and independently.
... is a general property of textiles, where positive or negative charges are built on the surface of the textile (e.g. frictional charging). In case of excessive charging ignitable discharges may occur that pose a very high risk in hazardous environments. To reduce or avoid static electricity in clothing the material is modified by incorporation of antistatic steel or carbon fibers. This finishing is permanent.
The chemical protection is divided into six types
Type 1 (1a, 1b and 1c) are gas-, liquid-, and dust-tight
Type 2 and 3 are liquid-, spray- and dust-tight
Type 4 spray- and dust-tight
Type 5 dust-tight
Type 6 restricted against liquid chemicals
Type 1 to 5 requires special packaging and a special design of the suits. Type 6 is achieved with FC or teflon equipped materials that are processed in standard items of clothing (jacket, trousers, overalls or coveralls). However, it is to always make sure that the entire surface of the body of the wearer is covered.
Type 1 (1a, 1b and 1c) are gas-, liquid-, and dust-tight
Type 2 and 3 are liquid-, spray- and dust-tight
Type 4 spray- and dust-tight
Type 5 dust-tight
Type 6 restricted against liquid chemicals
Type 1 to 5 requires special packaging and a special design of the suits. Type 6 is achieved with FC or teflon equipped materials that are processed in standard items of clothing (jacket, trousers, overalls or coveralls). However, it is to always make sure that the entire surface of the body of the wearer is covered.
... describes the physiological processes of the human body in connection with the surrounding artificial shell. The parameters for thermal insulation, moisture transfer, air permeability or microclimate within a clothing system are viewed and evaluated. For scientific study of clothing physiology measuring devices such as the thermal mannequin or the skin model of the Hohenstein Institute are used.
D
Handelsname für eine synthetische Chemiefaser auf Basis von Polyethylen des niederländischen Chemieunternehmens Royal DSM N.V. Es wird zu den HPPE (High Performance Polyethylene) Fasern gerechnet und ist 40% zugfester als Aramid, jedoch nicht hitzebeständig. Dyneema wird z.B. für Gurtbänder, Seile, ballistische Schutzwesten, Kettensägenschutz, Panzerungen in KfZ oder geflochtene Netze in der Fischerei sowie als Gewebe für Stich- und Schnittschutzbekleidung eingesetzt.
E - F - G - H
E
... ist ein Block-Copolymer aus den Bestandteilen Polyurethan und Polyethylenglykol. Durch seine hohe Dehnbarkeit ist es sehr gut in Bekleidung, wie Unterwäsche oder Sportbekleidung, einsetzbar. Eine spezielle Anwendung ist der Einsatz in Radbekleidung, bei der eine hohe Passgenauigkeit und ein hoher Tragekomfort eine große Rolle spielen. Hier werden zusätzliche Faserkomponenten beigemischt.
Im Bereich der Bekleidung wird der Begriff verwendet, um Detaillösungen, Materialeinsatz und Passformen zu beschreiben, die auf die Anforderungen der beabsichtigten Verwendung und auf die biomechanischen Gegebenheiten des Menschen in besonderer Weise eingehen.
F
Fasern sind Erzeugnisse, die durch ihre Flexibilität, ihre Feinheit und durch ihre große Länge im Verhältnis zum Durchmesser gekennzeichnet sind. Sie sind die kleinste textile Einheit. Fasern können natürlichen (pflanzlich oder tierisch), mineralischen (geologisch) oder synthetischen (chemisch) sowie anorganischen, industriell erzeugten Ursprung haben.
Derivate der perfluorierten Alkansulfonsäuren werden zur Imprägnierung (wasser- und ölabweisend) von Textilien u.a. im Bereich der persönlichen Schutzausrüstung eingesetzt.
Fasern mit unbegrenzter Faserlänge (Endlosfasern). Materialien aus Filamenten sind meist sehr glatt auf der Oberfläche.
... (eng. für Flausch) ist ein Velourstoff zumeist aus PES-, aber auch PAN-Mischungen oder Aramiden. Fleece ist eine Maschenware (Henkelplüsch) die nach dem Strickvorgang aufgeschnitten und aufgeraut wird. Das Fleece darf nicht mit dem Vließ verwechselt werden. Fleece ist knitterfrei, hoch wärmeisolierend, schnelltrocknend, weich und recyclingfähig. Daraus ergeben sich Anwendungen im Funktionsbereich, wie z.B. bei Radbekleidung. Fleece wird auch als Abseite für Softshells verwendet.
... (flame resistant bzw. flame retardant) wird als Zusatzinformation verwendet, wenn ein Material oder ein Bekleidungsteil schwer entflammbare Eigenschaften aufweist.
J
H
... is clothing that ensures an increased visual perception of people in poor visibility. The clothing consists of a part for visibility at daylight (fluorescent color) and a part for visibility at night (retroreflective strip). In DIN EN ISO 20471, the parameters and classes for the warning effect for industrial applications are defined.
J - K - L
J
... is a soft knitted fabric, which is mainly made of natural fibers or fiber mixtures. It usually has a slightly ribbed surface.
K
Unlike woven fabrics, stitches of knitted fabrics do not occur at once, but one after another. Another kind of knitted fabric is produced by interlacing.
L
Material composite in which several components are glued together (laminated). Usually woven or knitted fabrics are selectively or fully laminated to a membrane to produce waterproof, breathable textile surfaces. These materials are mainly used for weather protection clothing and soft shells. A distinction is made between 2-layer laminates (outer fabric + membrane) and 3-layer laminates (outer fabric + membrane + back side material). Clothing parts of 2-layer laminates are processed with lining, 3-layer laminates can spare the lining.
M - N - P
M
... (booklet) are enclosed with PPE products to explain to the end user, the functioning, the level of protection and the proper use of personal protective equipment. Manufacturer information also contain the address of the manufacturer and the basic information of the guidelines and relevant standards. They are written in the local language.
... is a test in which the abrasion resistance of textile surfaces is tested. It is determined how many scrub cycles (by default against wool) are needed to destroy 2 threads of the fabric. The result is expressed as the wear number of scrub cycles. The higher the number, the higher the abrasion resistance of the materials tested. The test procedure is defined in an international standard.
... is a waterproof, breathable, thin film, which functions as a barrier and influences the water penetration of a fabric. Regarding garments a high wearing comfort also plays a big role. Therefore high performance membranes are modified so that they work in a physical way (microporous) or chemical way (hydrophilic). Both systems only function reliably when there is a temperature or pressure gradient from inside to outside.
... is a modified polyacrylic fiber with inherent flame-retardant properties. In the PPE, it is mainly used in mixtures with cotton or viscose.
See weather clothing
N
P
... specify what degree of protection a PPE has over a defined hazard. The performance categories allow the end-user an accurate assessment of his personal protective equipment.
... shall prevent or reduce health impairment through injuries that may arise with works of low, medium or high risk potential. A distinction is made between three categories. Category I includes PPE for protection against low risks, category II includes PPE to protect against intermediate risk and category III includes complex PPE for protection against dangers arising from injury or death or irreversible health. The higher the category the more demanding are the conditions that are to be realized in the production and design of the product.
Surface modification, caused by yarn breakages and fiber detachment due to mechanical stress. The pilling behavior can be tested and evaluated i.a. by the Martindale method.
... usually is a cotton fabric with alternating raised and deepened patches. It appears as quilted (pique) and is one of the double fabrics. When weaving two superimposed chains are used, each of which receives its own weft. The combination of the two chains is achieved, when from time to time individual threads of one chain are moved into the other chain and are bound by the wefts of this chain. For the top fabric, the right side or the base one uses finer yarn and twice as many threads per centimeter as for the lower fabric, the so-called lining. The patches or lines where the two fabrics are joined together, appear deepened between the other parts.
... (abbrev. PA) is a fully synthetic fiber with alternating built in amide groups in the hydrocarbon chains. It is obtained in the melt spinning process and is characterized by high tensile strength, fast drying and low moisture absorption. The rub resistances are 10 to 15 times higher than those of cotton. PA is alkali resistant, saltwater-resistant and not inherently flame-retardant. Fields of application are, for example, sportswear or authorities clothing, when it comes to high mechanical load.
... (abbrev. PES) is a synthetic polymer plastic, which is obtained as polycondensate fiber in the melt spinning process. To improve the wearing properties it is often mixed with other chemical or natural fibers. PES absorbs very little moisture and transports it very good and fast. It is therefore very suitable for the manufacture of sports and functional clothing, as well as workwear. Just like polyamide, PES is very commonly used for laminates. Because of the high color fastness, it is, inter alia, used for visibility clothing.
... (abbrev. PTFE, sometimes polytetrafluoroethylene) is an unbranched, linear structured, semi-crystalline polymer of fluorine and carbon. Teflon coatings or flour carbon coatings are used in the PPE area to partially make materials oil, dirt and water repellent. One field of application for PTFE is the processing into a microporous membrane which is produced by a special manufacturing process. Here, the PTFE is stretched to form pores that are just large enough to diffuse water vapor molecules through the thin film, but not water in liquid form. The name for this particular application is ePTFE - e stands for "expanded".
... (abbrev. PU) are plastics or synthetic resins resulting from the polyaddition reaction of dialcohols (diols), or polyols with polyisocyanates. Characteristic of polyurethanes is the urethane group. PU elastomer is used as an adhesive for producing laminates, as a coating to waterproof materials or as a membrane for waterproof, breathable clothing.
By oxidation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) the thermally stabilized preox-fiber is formed. The fiber is high-heat-resistant, does not burn and does not drip when exposed to heat. In order to modify the fibers for textile applications, they are usually mixed with P-aramid fibers. Regarding garments, the material is mainly used for heat protection products in foundries. Here it is used as a base fabric for metallised heat protective clothing.
Q - S - T
Q
... is a textile combination, in which two or more layers of textile fabrics are interconnected by flat sewing (diamond shapes, lines, wavy lines, etc.) . The overall strength of a quilted combination is usually higher than the strengths of the individual components and are therefore particularly suitable for use in areas that are exposed to increased mechanical stress.
S
... is a finishing process for materials and textiles from the most natural and / or chemical fibers. Before cutting the cloth is subject of a mechanical compression and shrinks. This state is fixed, thereby preventing a subsequent shrinking of the final products and thus a subsequent undesirable dimensional change.
... is characterized by long floats in the weft (e.g .: 3/1). The surface is very smooth.
In a size chart measurements or finished dimensions of a garment piece are determined and fixed based on measuring points or measuring distances. Size charts are needed and used in tailoring, clothing production and industrial mass production.
2- or 3-layer laminate in which a woven or knitted fabric is laminated with a membrane and a fleece. Soft shells are windproof and partly water resistant, but are not processed seam sealed. Clothing made of soft shell material is characterized by a very high wearing comfort and is very widely used in the field of sportswear, but also in the workwear sector.
... is a block copolymer consisting of polyurethane and polyethylene glycol. Due to its high elasticity it is very good usable in clothing such as underwear or sportswear. A special application is the use for cycling clothes, where precise fit and high wearing comfort play a major role. Here, additional fiber components are admixed.
In standards formulations are made, describing rules, regulations, guidelines or policies or processes. They are developed in common consensus by standardization bodies and recognized institutions.
... are limited-length fibers that are processed into yarns. The average length of all fibers contained in a sample is called a staple.
... indicates when a second-degree burn on human skin occurs when it is exposed to a high thermal exposure. It is used to assess the insulation capacity of arcing fault clothing against the thermal effects of electric arcs especially and is part of the box test (DIN EN 61482-1-2).
T
siehe polytetrafluoroethylene
The Textile Labelling Act, that applies since 24 Februray 2016 and unterlies the Regulation (EU) no 1007/2011, prescribes how the fibers that make up the garments, must be declared to the consumer.
... is a weave of fabric which recognizable by the obliquely running fin. When bound at least one warp lifting is omitted, resulting in the visible fin. Special types of twill weaves are herringbone twill, flat twill, steep twill, peak twill or cross twill.
U - V - W
U
... describes the property of a textile surface which forces it can absorb before it breaks. The evidence is provided with the tensile test in which a standardized sample is dragged until it breaks.
... is a process in which a water jet is supplied with energy by pressure and water flow. The energy is directed through a die, and then discharged in a defined direction. The amount of energy emitted is dependent of set parameters and is suitable for e.g. carry out renovation work in the construction industry, cutting works and industrial cleaning. Currently robotic and manual systems are used. With robotic systems the work is done by a cutting robot and in manual systems the work is carried out by hand-held lances. Dealing with hand-held water jet lances is associated with very high risks for the user and therefore must be protected by the highest possible job safety measures. (Mechanical engineering, job security, clothing).
V
... ist eine halbsynthetische Chemiefaser, deren Ausgangsstoff Cellulose ist.
... is a semi-synthetic fiber. The raw material is cellulose.
W
... (abbrev. WC) is the name of a unit for measuring the pressure. It is used to indicate the waterproofness of wet weather clothing or tents. A meter water column (1mWC) corresponds to around 0.1 bar.
... is clothing designed to protect against bad weather conditions such as rain and moisture and therefore makes special demands on the material and clothing. Thus, the materials must be primarily waterproof. This can be achieved by laminates or coatings.
... describes the difference between the actual air temperature and perceived temperature in relation to the wind speed. This effect arises from the fact that the proximal, relatively warm air masses are replaced by cold air, what human beings perceive as cooling.
... (auch Windfrösteln) beschreibt den Unterschied zwischen tatsächlicher Lufttemperatur und gefühlter Temperatur in Abhängigkeit zur Windgeschwindigkeit. Dieser Effekt entsteht dadurch, dass die körpernahen, relativ warmen Luftmassen durch kalte Luft ersetzt werden, was der Mensch als kühlend empfindet.
2- or 3-layer laminates that prevent the windchill effect by its wind-resistant surface, so that the body cools less rapidly in wind motions.
All statements without guarantee.
